This research project is in progress. PCORI will post the research findings on this page within 90 days after the results are final.

What is the research about?

In the United States, doctors perform about 1 million biopsies each year to check for prostate cancer. During a biopsy, doctors use a needle to remove a small piece of tissue from the prostate for testing. Biopsies confirm whether a tissue sample is cancer or not. Doctors can use one of two types of prostate biopsy:

• Transrectal biopsies pass a needle through the wall of the rectum into the prostate.
• Transperineal biopsies pass a needle through the skin of the perineum into the prostate. The perineum is the skin between the anus and the scrotum.

In this study, the research team is comparing these two types of biopsies for two reasons. First, about five percent of patients who have a transrectal biopsy get an infection. Because transperineal biopsies avoid the rectum, this type may help avoid infections. Second, transperineal biopsies may work better to find cancer in the anterior, or front, of the prostate. Finding anterior prostate cancer earlier could help reduce the number of deaths from this disease. African-American men are more likely to get anterior prostate cancer and are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer compared with White men.

Who can this research help?

Results may help doctors and patients when considering ways to detect prostate cancer.

What is the research team doing?

The research team is recruiting 1,302 patients who are having a prostate biopsy at one of 12 clinics and outpatient health centers across the United States. The team is assigning patients by chance to have either a transrectal or transperineal biopsy. Patients who are having a transrectal biopsy take an antibiotic before the biopsy to reduce their risk for infection.

Before the biopsy, right after, and a week later, the research team is surveying patients. Surveys ask about infections, pain, anxiety, and other adverse events. The team is looking at biopsy results to see if they detect cancer.

Prostate cancer survivors and staff from a national prostate cancer education organization are giving feedback on the study.

Research methods at a glance